Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement. Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement were used primarily by ancient Israelites and appear frequently within the Hebrew Bible as well as in later Judaic scripture, such as the Mishnah and Talmud. These units of measurement are still an important part of Jewish life today. There is much debate within Judaism, as well as by outside scholars, about the exact relationship between measurements in the system and those in other measurement systems, such as the English units system used in the United States of America. Classical statements, such as that an Etzba was seven barleycorns laid side by side, or that a Log was equal to six medium sized eggs, are so indefinite and vague as to be nearly useless. Bible Download In Plain Text Converter' title='Bible Download In Plain Text Converter' />Book Reviews. New York Times Book Review Review Its Back Issues contain the text of every book review since 1996. New York Review of Books Free, searchable archive. Purple1/v4/02/f8/74/02f8744d-3309-99a8-d5b1-dcb8072c31a1/screen800x500.jpeg' alt='Bible Download In Plain Text Converter' title='Bible Download In Plain Text Converter' />Search the Bible, sermons, prophecy seminars, Find Missing Children, Great Links, Free Literature, Audio and Video Sermons. Download the latest version of RealPlayer or RealTimes and get the latest features Official Site. FILExt. com is the file extension source. Here youll find a collection of file extensions many linked to the programs that created the files. This is the FILExt home. Nevertheless, the entire system of measurement corresponds almost exactly with the Babylonian system, and in all probability the Israelite measurement system was derived from the Babylonian measurement system, with some lesser level of influence from the Egyptian system. It may therefore be assumed that the relationship between the Israelite measurements and contemporary units is the same as the relationship between the Babylonian system and contemporary units. Note The listed measurements of this system range from the lowest to highest acceptable halachic value, in terms of conversion to either English or SI units. Length and distanceeditThe original measures of length were clearly derived from the human body the finger, hand, arm, span, foot, and pace but since these measures differ between individuals, they are reduced to a certain standard for general use. The Israelite system thus used divisions of the digit or fingerbreadth Hebrew, Etzba plural etzbaot, the palm or handbreadth Hebrew, TefahTefach plural TefahimTefachim, the span Hebrew, Zeret, the ell Hebrew, Amah, plural Amot, the mile Hebrew, Mil plural milin, and the parsa Hebrew, Parasa. The latter two are loan words into the Hebrew language, and borrowed measurements the Latin mille, and Iranianparasang, respectively both were units of itinerant distance, and thus varied according to terrain and stride length, and, in the case of the parasang, also on the speed of travel. The Israelite measurements were related as follows 1 palm Tefach 4 digit Etzbaot1 span Zeret 3 palms Tefahim1 ell Amah 2 spans Zeret1 mil Mil 2. Amot1 parasang Parasa 4 mils MilinDiscrepancies of elleditFor more details on this topic, see ell. The biblical ell is closely related to the cubit, but two different factors are given in the Bible Ezekiels measurements imply that the ell was equal to 1 cubit plus 1 palm Tefah,23 while elsewhere in the Bible, the ell is equated with 1 cubit exactly. Ezekiels ell, by which he gave measurements in his guided vision through a future Jerusalem Temple, is thus one sixth larger than the standard ell, for which an explanation seems to be suggested by the Book of Chronicles the Chronicler writes that Solomons Temple was built according to cubits following the first measure,4 suggesting that over the course of time the original ell was supplanted by a smaller one. The Egyptians also used two different ells, one of which the royal ell was a sixth larger than the common ell 1 this royal measurement was the earlier of the two in Egyptian use, and the one which the Pyramids of the 3rd and 4th Dynasties seem to be measured in integer multiples of. The smaller of the Egyptian ells measured 1. Babylonian ell, cast in stone on one of the statues of King Gudea, was 4. Egyptian ell was between 5. The Books of Samuel portray the Temple as having a Phoenician architect, and in Phoenicia it was the Babylonian ell which was used to measure the size of parts of ships. Thus scholars are uncertain whether the standard Biblical ell would have been 4. From these figures for the size of a Biblical ell, that of the basic unit the finger breadth Etzba can be calculated to be either 2. Rav Chayim Noeh approximates at 2 cm 0. Talmudic scholar Chazon Ish at 2. The mile Mil is thus about 9. The precise width of the etzba finger has been a subject of controversy among halakhic authorities. Ruby Tools For Visual Studio 2013. The best known are those of the Rav Chayim Noeh and Chazon Ish. Opera Mini 5 English Jar. Name pluralHebrew name pluralTranslation. English equivalent. SI equivalent. Notes. Etzba Etzbaot thumb breadth. The latter value is Chazon Ishs. Since all other units are multiples of the etzba, they vary accordingly. Tefach Tefachim hand breadth. Zeret Zarot span. Amah Amot cubit. Risstadium. A ris is 21. 5, or about 0. Mil Milinmile. 0. Talmud opinion referencing a Roman mile 0. Talmud opinion referencing a Roman mile 1. Time to walk a mil is 1. Parasa Parsaotparasang. Distance covered by an average man in a days walk is 1. Time to walk a parasa is 7. See also Rabbi Chaim P. Benishs Midos VShiurei Torah where he brings an alternative view in understanding the Rambam and therefore suggests that the etsba, according to the Rambam, is 0. This would affect the other measurements in the following ways Tefah 2. Zeret 8. 9. 89. 0. Amah 1. 7. 9. 51. Alternatively, according to some early authoritiescitation needed a zeret is two tefahim instead of three. Talmudic additionseditTo the somewhat simple system of distance, the Talmud adds a few more units, namely the double palm Hebrew, hasit, the pace Hebrew, pesiah, the cord Hebrew, hebel, the stadium Hebrew, ris, the days journey Hebrew, derekh yom, and an undetermined quantity named the garmida Hebrew. The stadium appears to have been adopted from Persia, while the double palm seems to have been derived from the Greek dichas. The relationship between four of these additional units and the earlier system is as follows 1 double palm hasit 2 palms tefah1 pace pesiah 1 ell amah1 stadium ris 1. Others say that 1 stadium was equivalent to 4. The other two additional units are more ambiguous. The garmida is mentioned repeatedly but without its size being indicated it is even sometimes treated as an area,1. The cord is given two different definitions in the Mishnah it is 5. Gemara it is only 4 ells. The Israelite system of measuring area was fairly informal the biblical text merely measures areas by describing how much land could be sown with a certain volume measure of seed, for example the amount of land able to be sown with 2 seahs of barley. The closest thing to a formal area unit was the yoke Hebrew semed1. Mesopotamia the standard estimate for this was 6,4. Searah Hebrew pl. Adashah Hebrew pl. Geris Hebrew pl. Amah al amah Hebrew pl. Beit rova Hebrew pl. Beit seah Hebrew pl. Beit kor Hebrew pl. Volume and capacityeditThe Israelite system of powderliquid volume measurements corresponds exactly with the Babylonian system. Unlike the Egyptian system, which has units for multiples of 1, 1. Babylonian system is founded on multiples of 6 and 1. The basic unit was the mina, which was defined as 1 sixtieth of a maris, which itself was the quantity of water equal in weight to a light royal talent the maris was thus equal to about 3. Wap Toplist wap toplist Wap ranking Wapmaster site mobile wap toplist Free traffic wap traffic wap portal add your site world 1 toplist best toplist adult toplist free toplist Pornwapi.